BBN3402Satu2019: Minggu 10

TERJEMAHAN KERANGKA TEORI

Normaliza Abd Rahim. (2019). Kajian Wacana dan Strategi Komunikasi Teori dan Aplikasi. Terengganu: Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)

NOR FATIN ADLINA BINTI MOHD SALLEH

192777

BROWN & YULE DISCOURSE ANALYSIS THEORY (1983)

Brown & Yule have listed four elements of the discourse. These elements include pre-assumptions, implications, references and inferences. Brown & Yule (1983) also stated that discourse can be analysed through text, writing, speech and interaction studies.

Presupposition

Presupposition is pragmatic. This presupposition has been selected based on assumptions and assumptions about what the listener can expect without any obstacles.

Implication

Implicit is the view or the possibility. The suggestions or meanings of the speakers / writers are different from what they say. Implications are in the form of conventional implications. Speakers / authors do not state that certain images are due to other features.

Reference

Speakers negotiate using appropriate expressions and combine them with negotiation expressions. Referrals are something that someone does using expressions.

Inference

The inference indicates an attempt to draw conclusions. In addition, inference describes words or relationships between relations of words. Various assumptions have been made in several assumptions and conclusions.

STUBBS DISCOURSE ANALYSIS THEORY (1983)

1. The linguistic approach to discourse

2. Predictability

3. Phonotactic

4. Grammar

5. Intuitive about the order of discourse

6. Predictability

7. Predictability and idealisation

8. Structure control means

9.  Canocical control and idealization

10. Analogy

11. Conclusion

THEORY OF CRITICAL DISCOURCE ANALYSIS (VANDIJK, 1977)

Macro Structure The global meaning of a text that is observable from the topic / theme of a text

Superstructure The outline of a text such as the introduction, content, conclusion and conclusion

Micro Structure The local meaning of an observable text Instead of the choice of words, sentences and styles used in a text

Figure 1: Theory of Critical Discource Analysis by vanDijk (1977)

Critical Discourse Analysis Theory (Fairclough, 1995)
Textual Analysis	Practical Discourse Analysis	Practical Social Analysis
Grammar ·        Theme	Intertextuality ·        Presupposition ·        Metadiscourse ·        Disclaimer	Ekonomi Education Politic
Lexical ·        Metaphore	Interdiscussion ·        Narrative ·        Debate ·        Expository ·        Expressive
Cohesion ·        Repetition ·        Conjunctions

Figure 2: Critical Discourse Analysis Theory by Fairclough (1995)

Tannen (1987) principles of decency in discourse are as follows:

1. Formal expression (positive and negative imej)

2. Decency strategy

3. Strategy choice (directness and indirectness)

4. Silent (metamessage)

Decency strategy
Bald on-record Example: Ready! Listen here… Give me the big basket. The lamp is green. Please welcome. Please eat.	Positive Decency Example: You look gloom. May I help you? Can I borrow about one hundred ringgit? I follow you to the hospital if you want.
Negative Decency Maybe he/she take the boxes, maybe! Please give me the white plate. Well, a little instruction is no needed? Throw the blank bottle anywhere is not allowed.	Off-record Wow, this room becoming so cold. The shoes are very expensive here. Your cloth is beautiful.

Figure 3: Decency strategy by Brown & Levinson (1987)

Johnstone (2002) said that the discourse approach is divided into several sections.

1. Words and lines

2. Paragraphs and episodes

3. Schematic discourse and narrative structure

4. The order of the conversation

5. Words organisation

6. Cohesion 

7. Structure and rules

Discourse Analysis Approach (Normaliza Abd Rahim, 2018b)
Presupposition 1. Intuision 2. Context ·        Acceptance/ Denial ·        Requirements ·        Reference ·        Anaphore ·        Repetition ·        Ambiguity ·        Affirmation	Emotion 1. Positive 2. Negative 3. Mixed Emotions ·        Temperament ·        Personality ·        Mood ·        Motivation	Values ​​and Culture 1. Self 2. Community 3. Tradition ·        Honesty, sincerity, kindness, love, crafts, gratitude, simplicity ·        Self-reliant, high level of courage, courage, physical and mental hygiene, integrity ·        Respect, cooperation, community spirit ·        Justice, freedom, rationality	Language 1. First language/second/third 2. Formal / Non-formal 3. Language mistake 4. Linguistic	Inference 1. Overall summary 2. Summary of discussion topics 3. Closing words

Figure 4: Discourse Analysis Approach (Normaliza Abd Rahim (2018b)

THEORY OF DISCOURSE ANALYSIS (Normaliza Abd Rahim, 2018d)

THEORY OF DISCOURSE ANALYSIS (Normaliza Abd Rahim, 2018d)
Content 1. Theme	Context 1. Grammar 2. Background 3. Emotion	Assumption 1. Opinion 2. Reference 3. Question

Figure 5: Theory of Discourse Analysis